Being Diagnosed With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - 2154 Words

I am one of many that are incapable of having kids on my own without the help from doctors. Having been diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at a younger age, I am one of many women who are not able to have kids on my own. I know that â€Å"missing† feeling people get when you start to plan out your life, not knowing if one day the gap will be filled or if you should fill the void with something else. This is where I want to be; the space between life and the gap; to try and help fill the inconsistency of others that share this discomfort. There is not anything more discomforting than someone with multiple kids patting your back, whispering soothing tones of â€Å"sorry† and wishful promises of, â€Å"it will happen for you one day.† Why, because you have the uterus of a donut machine at the local Krispy Kreme? I want to be the person there saying â€Å"I know what it’s like, and I’m going to be here to help you through this process.† This is why it is important to me to become a nurse in the field of infertility; to help others with this problem would not only provide me great satisfaction, but it will also help me to understand my own struggles with this problem. I’ve always wanted to do something to help others. My first idea was to help others with their natural beauty by being a hairstylist. That had always been something I enjoyed in my life as I was growing up. So after high school I pursued my dream and went to college for cosmetology. I enjoyed it for a while, but I still feltShow MoreRelatedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine systemRead MoreQuestions On Breast Ovarian Syndrome1240 Words   |  5 PagesArman i PCOS thesis paper Eng 110- 11am Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome I myself have struggled with issues for years before I was diagnosed correctly. PCOS can affect many different things in women going from producing male hormones to the inability to conceive. I found that research is becoming more descriptive and in depth as time goes on. Researchers are still looking into PCOS and are still working on what may be the real cause of PCOS. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a heath disorder that affects femalesRead MorePCOS Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent years that effects women’s health is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). For more women to become knowledgeable about this disease health professionals need to educate women about what PCOS is, we need to recognize what ecological factors play a role in PCOS, and what can be done to help women manage their PCOS disease. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Approximately, eight to twenty percent of women worldwide suffer from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome worldwide (National Institute of child healthRead MorePolycystic Ovary Syndrome2477 Words   |  10 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Case findings of women with polycystic ovary syndrome were first documented in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr., and Michael L. LeventhalRead MoreInfertility, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Myo-Inositol1814 Words   |  8 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that affects many different parts of the body, not just the ovaries. The list of ailments associated with polycysticRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes Ovarian Syndrome979 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). She explains that the acne on their face and spare tire around their stomach may not be from puberty, but from this disease. Even though in their adolescent years they may not have worried about starting their own family, but they can’t help but wonder about down the road. Now, the thoughts of having a hard time conceiving a baby or not being able to at all, runs through their head. Unfortunately finding out that they not only have Polycystic Ovarian SyndromeRead MoreInfertility : A Common Endocrine System Disorder Among Women Of Reproductive Age1568 Words   |  7 PagesInfertility due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Infertility affects close to 6.1 Million US women during the reproductive age (7). What is infertility? Infertility is generally defined as â€Å"the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. After the age of 35 pregnancy becomes more difficult and if infertility persist a shorter timeframe of six months is recommended (2). Infertility is not an illness it is a disease. This disease may not always be painful physically but the pain isRead MorePolycystic Ovary Syndrome1224 Words   |  5 PagesChivalier 2 POLYCYSTIC OVARIES SYNDROME By: Christina Chivalier Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulation disorder and infertility that occurs in many women. Polycystic ovaries syndrome dates back to 1845 where it was described in a French manuscript as being changes in the ovaries. It was called sclerocystic. Polycystic ovaries syndrome is a problem that occurs in with the ovaries. A polycystic ovary is characterized as being a tough, thickened, shiny white covering overlyingRead MoreThe Effect Of Eating On Eating And Exercise ( Qol Ed )2123 Words   |  9 Pagesirrespective of BMI. Keywords: PCOS; polycystic ovary syndrome; infertility; eating pathology; QOL ED. â€Æ' Capsule Eating pathology was assessed in twenty-one infertile women with and 132 women without PCOS. Infertile women with PCOS have greater eating pathology and a higher proportion of probable eating disorders. â€Æ' Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in females and affects up to 12-21% of women of reproductive age1. PCOS is a syndrome of clinical and/or biochemical signsRead MorePCOS Essay4926 Words   |  20 PagesOVULATION IN PCOS 2 RESTORING OVULATION IN PCOS Clomiphene Versus Metformin for Restoring Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Daniel Kendall DNP-S, Brandi Knierim DNP-S, Molly Hilzendeger DNP-S University of Mary NUR 720 Clomiphene Versus Metformin for Restoring Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility that is caused by anovulation (Baran, Api, Goksedef, Cetin, 2010). Anovulatory

Risk Management Plan - 1021 Words

MANAGE RISK BSBRSK501B RISK REVIEW PROJECT ASSESSMENT 3 Introduction According to data analyzed and evaluated from Hurley’s cafà © risk review to create a monitoring plan for risks. The audit investigated the status of the planned actions on the risks identified below. Plan No. Risk Plan implemented 1 Manager`s travel risk Install the teleconferencing system Planned. The weekly management meetings finish at about 3:00pm as planned. 2 Banking risk Out 5000 on insurance cover. Cash held on the premises overnight from the opening week as planned 3 Training sessions Install the telecom system or video system 4 Preparation Some budget is needed for fit-out. Something†¦show more content†¦Evaluation Evaluation could involve these steps below 1. Problem Analysis: Keep a note of all the events and activities of a risk management plan. Check out the problems arising from their implementation and assess if they have a serious impact on the whole process. Make a note of those that have serious implications. 2. Match the Outcomes of a Risk Management Plans with its Objectives: Ends justify means. Check if the possible outcomes of a risk management plan are in tandem with its pre-defined objectives. It plays a vital role in analyzing if the plan in action is perfect. If it produces desired results, it does not need to be changed. But if it fails to produce what is required can be a really serious issue. After all, an organization deploys its resources including time, money and human capital and above all, the main aim of the organization is also defeated. 3. Evaluate If All the Activities in the Plan are Effective: It requires a thorough investigation of each activity of a risk management plan. Checking out the efficiency of all the activities and discovering the flaws in their implementation allow you to analyze the whole plan systematically. 4. Evaluate the Business Environment: A thorough study and critical evaluation of business environment where a risk management plan is to be implemented is essential. Take time to assess, analyze and decide what exactly is required. 5. Make Possible Changes in Faulty Activities: AfterShow MoreRelatedPlan Risk And Risk Management Plan1708 Words   |  7 Pages 342), Plan risk response â€Å"†¦ is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives.† This is a link of project risk management during which the PM and the project team can use the analysis result from prior assessments and choose the effective risk management strategy. By planning risk response, the project’s risks can be addressed with their priority, insert resources, and activities, and put into the triple constrains plans if neededRead MoreRisks And Risk Management Plan1240 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management Plan Introduction An important part any project is to identify risks and to determine how to address said risks. In this paper, I will identify 10 risks that could occur during the making of Coleman Covenant Studios. I will also assess and address each risk in detail. Although I am hopeful the completion of this project will happen with minimal negative risks, I do realize hope is not a plan. For this reason, this risk management plan is in place to acknowledge and prepare forRead MoreRisk Management And Management Plan977 Words   |  4 PagesRisk management and need for a risk management plan. Risk is a threat of destruction, injury, liability loss or any other negative incident caused by external or internal environments. Risk is unpredicted and nobody can guess it might happen in the near future. All of the projects exist risk and the project manager is responsible to identify those risk, which is a part of risk management planning process. Risk management is the procedure of distinguishing risk and reduce risk level. The risk managementRead MoreManagement Plan For Risk Management810 Words   |  4 PagesRisk Management Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risk management’s objective is to assure uncertainty does not deflect the endeavor from the business goals. Risks can come from various sources: e.g., uncertainty in financial markets, threats from project failuresRead MoreRisk Management Plan2518 Words   |  11 PagesRISK MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR Australian Open 2009 ESTABLISHING CONTEXT The Australian Open tennis began in 1905, when The Australasian Tennis Championships were first staged at the Warehouseman s Cricket Ground in St Kilda Rd, Melbourne. Until tennis Open era began in 1968, the Australian Championships were held in many different states, and at many different venues around Australia. With the ushering in of Open tennis, the name was changed to the Australian Open, and by 1972, the NationalRead MoreRisk Management Plan2105 Words   |  9 PagesU03a1 Risk Management Best Practices Derrick Evans Capella University BMGT8434 Advanced Risk Management Systems and Research January 24, 2013 Professor Schneider Project Risk Plan Executive Summary HESU Global’s (pseudo named) PMO in conjunction with the Business Continuity Department will develop and implement the risk management approach. Organizational assets and support for the project will be directed and managed by business continuity. An exampleRead MoreRisk Management Plan617 Words   |  2 PagesRISK MANAGEMENT PLAN E-SOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 TOP THREE RISKS 2 RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH 2 RISK IDENTIFICATION 3 RISK QUALIFICATION 3 RISK MONITORING 3 INTRODUCTION Risk management is the process of identifying analyzing and developing appropriate steps to take in dealing with them. The process is primarily left to the project manager but it was decided during planning that risk managers will be appointed. Negative risk that may result in project failureRead MoreRisk Management Plan For A Risk Assessment879 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of a risk assessment is to figure out all of the risks and vulnerabilities there are, or could possibly be within a business. The goal of a risk management plan is to then figure out how to mitigate those risks and vulnerabilities to lessen the impact on the business if ever one should arise. Creating a plan helps not only to identify any risks, but also helps to choose the best solutions available to mitigate those risks. If a risk management plan is not created and implemented, thereRead MoreProject Risk Management Plan1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Project Risk Management Plan PM/584 July 14, 2014 Project Risk Management Plan The purpose of the risk management plan is to identify any event or condition that may occur which could have a positive or negative affect on the project. Risks management is the process of identifying, assessing, responding to, monitoring, and reporting risks. The Risks Management Plan will define how risks associated with the Baderman Island Casino Hotel project will be identified, analyzedRead MoreBuilding A Risk Management Plan946 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to effectively development a risk management plan that will be effective, it is important to start with discussing the framework for risk management as provided by the Presidential/Congressional Commission. We will review each step as well as dis-cuss how each step will be used in the current context of a recent health concern of current head lice species have become resistant to the most widely used chemical used to treat this condition. There are opposing views on whether the common treatment

African Women under Slavery free essay sample

This paper discusses the experiences of African American Women under slavery during the Slave Trade, their exploitation, the secrecy, the variety of tasks and positions of slave women, slave and ex-slave narratives. Also, this paper presents the hardships African American women faced and the challenges they overcame to become equal with men in today’s society. Slavery was a destructive experience for African Americans especially women. Black women suffered doubly during the slave era. Slave Trade The West African Slave Trade was a global event that focused on West Africa. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. It was a type of â€Å"forced Migration† that lasted 300 years. From around 1551 thru 1850 about 15 million people were brought into the slave trade it is said that roughly 5 million people did not survive, and may have immediately died before making through the shock of enslavement. About 10 million people in the western hemisphere survived and were sold on the auction block. We will write a custom essay sample on African Women under Slavery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Generations continued into slavery, the offspring was also brought into slavery. The owners liked the idea of their slaves reproducing. This meant their work force would grow without having to spend much money on slaves. About 250 million lived in slavery throughout the 300 years. Slavery was also a traditional part of African society, various states and kingdoms in Africa operated one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, and serfdom. Ghana, Mali, Songhai were kingdoms that had large economies and supported large populations, they had knowledge of agriculture, and grew many different crops that sustained many people. Because of the West African Slave Trade, These kingdoms were affected by greed and would often go to war and capture prisoners to sell into slavery. The Middle Passage was the journey of slave trading ships from the west coast of Africa, where the slaves were obtained, across the Atlantic, where they were sold or, in some cases, traded for goods such as molasses, which was used in the making of rum. However, this voyage has come to be remembered for much more than simply the transport and sale of slaves. The Middle Passage was the longest, hardest, most dangerous, and also most horrific part of the journey of the slave ships. With extremely tightly packed loads of human cargo that stank and carried both infectious disease and death, the ships would travel east to west across the Atlantic on a miserable voyage lasting at least five weeks, and sometimes as long as three months. Although incredibly profitable for both its participants and their investing backers, the terrible Middle Passage has come to represent the ultimate in human misery and suffering. The abominable and inhuman conditions which the Africans were faced with on their voyage clearly display the great evil of the slave trade. While there was slavery throughout World History, never has it reached such an epic proportion as during the Middle Passage/ transatlantic slave trade. At this time, no one knows exactly how many Africans died at sea during the Middle Passage experience. Estimates for the total number of Africans lost to the slave trade range from 25 to 50 million. The Middle Passage was a term used to describe the triangular route of trade that brought Africans to the Americas and rum and sugar cane to Europe. It was synonymous with pain and suffering. The journey from Africa to the Americas would take as many as 30 to 90 days. Many of the ships were called â€Å"loose packers† which meant that the slaves were not overlapping each other or â€Å"tight packers†, describing the capacity of the slave ship. The smell of rotten bodies thrown overboard lured sharks to the ships route; European countries participating in the slave trade accumulated tremendous wealth and global power from the capturing and selling of Africans into slavery. Originally, slaves were sold to the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in South and Central Americas to work on sugar cane plantations. The middle passage was the worst thing that could happen to African American slaves. For most women who endured it, the experience of the Slave Trade was one of being outnumbered by men. Roughly one African woman was carried across the Atlantic for every two men. The captains of slave ships were usually instructed to buy as high a proportion of men as they could, because men could be sold for more in the Americas. Women thus arrived in the American colonies as a minority. For some reason, women did not stay a minority. Slave records found that most plantations, even during the period of the slave trade, there were relatively equal numbers of men and women. Slaveholders showed little interest in women as mothers. Their willingness to pay more for men than women, despite the fact than children born to enslaved women would also be the slave-owners’ property and would thus increase their wealth. Women who did have children, always struggled with the impossible conflict between, their own physical needs and their children’s need for care, not to mention the requirements forced on them by plantation work regimes. Women’s inability to maintain the pace of work required by plantation owners during pregnancy, their need for recovery time after childbirth, and the needs of their young children to be fed, cleaned, loved, and integrated spiritually and socially into the human community, all brought them into conflict with the demands of the owners and managers of the plantations on which they worked1. Exploitation The slave owner’s exploitation of the African woman’s sexuality was one of the most significant factors differentiating the experience of slavery for males and females. The white man’s claim to the slave body, male as well as female, was inherent in the concept of the Slave Trade and was tangibly realized perhaps nowhere more than the auction block. Captive Africans were stripped of their clothing, oiled down, and poked and prodded by potential buyers. The erotic undertones of such scenes were particularly pronounced in the case of black women. Throughout the period of slavery in America, white society believed black women to be innately lustful beings. The perception of the African woman as hyper-sexual made her both the object of white man’s disgust and his fantasy. Within the bounds of slavery, masters often felt it was their right to engage in sexual activity with black women. Sometimes, female slaves made advances hoping that such relationships would increase the chances that they or their children would be liberated by the master; most of the time, slave owners took slaves by force. For the most part, masters made young, single slaves the objects of their sexual pursuits. They did on occasion rape married women. The inability of the slave husband to protect his wife from such violation points to another fundamental aspect of the relationship between enslaved men and women. The restrictions of slave law and circumstances of slave life created a sense of parity between black wives and husbands. A master’s control over both spouses reduced the black male’s potential for dominance over his wife. Whenever possible, black slave women manipulated their unique circumstances in the struggle for their personal dignity and that of their families. Black women rebelled against the inhumanities of slave owners. Like their ancestors and counterparts in Africa, most slave women took their motherhood seriously. They put their responsibilities before their own safety and freedom, provided for children not their own, and gave love even to those babies born from violence2. Secrecy Due to the sexual escapades of the white slave owners, both white and African American women had to keep births on the plantation a secret. A female slave was never able to say who the father of her child was. In some of the books on slave records, the father of the slave child would not be recorded because the child would have the status of the mother, regardless. If the female slave ever tried to tell who the father of her child was, she could be sent to jail, beaten, sold to another owner, or killed as a result. If a mistress knew that her husband was cheating on her, there was not very much that she could do. In some cases, the white women would make the slave woman work harder, be very rude to her, or even ask her husband to beat her3. Traditions With many diverse women coming from various places in Africa the daily living, clothing, religion and vast personal mile stones like circumcision, birth, and even marriage are handled differently. Beginning from a child where you grow determines the traditions you inherit. Children in rural Africa communities were all seen as sons and daughters of the entire community. After being sold as slaves many families were torn apart, which mean people had to carry this tradition along because there actually family were gone. On plantations every adult was respected as one’s mother or father. Older women and men stood cherished for the fact they were the wisest to the way to survive. One day a week the slave families would be allowed to gather for a type of religious gathering where they were only allowed to praise whomever they worshiped for an hour of the day. Polygamy was also practiced by many of the slaves, either men had many wives or vice versa. This was brought over to the plantations, as it was also practiced in the homeland. Variety of Tasks and Positions of Slave Women African American women were responsible for a lot of tasks that had to be done inside of the slave owners household or fields. Enslaved women were charged with a different variety of tasks such as cooking, cleaning, laundry, running errands, going to the market, plantation work, looking after children, etc. 4. Slavery taught women to be self-reliant, whereas white women were dependent socially and economically on men. On plantations, men and women did equally difficult work as stated before but often they did the same jobs. Not all labor by women was traditionally women’s work, though men did not usually perform tasks traditionally done by women. Women worked in the fields alongside the men, but most of the hard labor was performed by the men or women past childbearing age. Pregnant women and nursing mothers were often given lighter work. Several positions were open to female slaves that were considered skill labor and so quite respected by the slave community. One of these was the cook, who prepared food for the master’s household and for the slaves themselves when they came back from the fields. The other one is sewing. Some women, who knew how, were responsible for sewing the clothes for the entire community and if they were quite excellent, for the master’s family, too. The skill of midwifery was strictly for female slaves, and like cooking and sewing was considered a highly skilled labor. Learned from the mother or another relative (aunt), a midwife catered to blacks and whites alike, and continues to be a prominent job among African American women. Many times, slave women were looked up to for leadership because of their occupation, their age, or their number of children, and the fact that the work done by the majority of the women was done in groups. The existence of skills was respected labor strictly for women, and the control of child and medical care by women points to the idea that black females were able to order their own community among women5. Female Slave and Ex-Slave Narratives There were quite a few female slave and ex-slave narratives written during the slave era. As historical documents, slave narratives chronicle the evolution of white supremacy in the South from eighteenth-century slavery through early twentieth-century segregation. Most of these autobiographies as narratives give voice to generations of black people who, despite written off by white southern literature, still found a way to donate a literary legacy of enormous collective significance to the South and the United States. The narratives portrays slavery as a condition of extreme physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual deprivation, a kind of hell on earth which precipitated the slave’s decision to escape is some sort of personal crisis, such as the sale of a loved one or a dark night of the soul in which hope contends with despair for the spirit of the slave. Impelled by faith in God and a commitment to liberty and human dignity comparable (the slave narratives often stresses) to that of America’s Founding Fathers, the slave undertakes a difficult quest for freedom that climaxes in his or her arrival in the North. The attainment of freedom is signaled not simply by reaching the Free states, but by renaming oneself and dedicating one’s future to antislavery activism6. Additionally, slave and ex-slave narratives stressed how African Americans survived slavery, making a way out of no way, often times resisting exploitation, occasionally fighting back and escaping in search of a better prospects elsewhere in the North. The most memorable of these narratives evoke the national myth of the American individual’s quest for freedom and for a society based on â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † Slave and ex-slave narratives are important not only for what they tell us about African American history and literature, but also because they reveal the complexities of the dialogue between whites and blacks in America, particularly African Americans. Several women come to mind when slave and ex-slave narratives is talked about. The first being, Phyllis Wheatley, she became the first African-American woman author to publish a book of Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. Another one being Lucy Terry, although her poems was not published until after her death, â€Å"Bar Fights† was the first poem composed by another African American woman. Her poems recalls the popular captivity narrative of the colonial period, in which she recounts her experience in captivity among the Indians, and establishes early on the central role of African American women in American literary history. Also, Harriet Jacobs cannot be forgotten. She published â€Å"Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, which is an account of her brutal life and thrilling escape. She describes spending seven years of her life hiding in a crawl space – nine feet long, seven feet wide, and three feet long in her narrative. Two of the most iconic women during the slavery period was Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Sojourner Truth is now like a nearly mythical figure who was a strong proponent of equal rights for both African Americans and women, never compromising her struggle for one to gain the other. She was the first to attend the First National Women’s Rights Convention in 1850, where she was the only black woman to be a speaker. Not only was Sojourner Truth a highly visible symbol of abolition on the speaking platform, so was Harriet Tubman. Harriet was a powerful underground force of liberation. She became the most active conductor on the Underground Railroad, returning 19 times and helping 300 slaves escape through the North to Canada7. There are so many more great women such as Frances Harper, Ida Wells-Barnett, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Cooper that made significant contributions to African American women history. These women paved the way for other great women like Zora Hurston, Gwendolyn Brooks, Jo Ann Robinson, Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou, Alice Walker, and Toni Morrison to make their mark in history. Significant Contributions Based on the research and reading, we can agree that women during the slave era made significant contributions that led to monumental changes in equal rights for women. Women have always played second behind the man which makes it hard to feel equal. Women slaves were the central nucleus that kept families together. The information presented shows that a lot of the families were solely raised by the woman. Black women learned to cope with the problems of raising children without men. Also, because of the experiences of women under slavery, they opened doors for women to have better pay, jobs, and the most important one, being able to vote. Women have made tremendous strides during the abolition era, the feminist era that reemerged in the sixties as a result of the male chauvinism within the Civil Rights, Black Power, and student movements that traces directly back to women under slavery. This courageous history should inspire every woman today, reflecting back on what our ancestors had to fight for, for us to enjoy the liberties we take for granted. In conclusion, this paper discussed the experiences of African American Women under slavery during the Slave Trade, their exploitation, the secrecy, the variety of tasks and positions of slave women, slave and ex-slave narratives; also, this paper discussed the hardships African American women faced and the challenges they overcame to become equal with men in today’s society. What must not be forgotten, is that African American women never stopped fighting against racial prejudices and sexual abuses. We will never know the exact number of slave women who were raped, but their testimonies make us think that almost all of them had been raped. Most importantly, the most efficient method women developed was to speak out about their experiences in order to make people discover this hidden part of American history, and they surely did.

Sickle-Cell Anemia Essays (267 words) - Hemoglobins, Hematopathology

Sickle-Cell Anemia Sickle-Cell Anemia Hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying protein in blood, is sometime altered in people causing interruptions in the circulation of blood. This is known as Sickle-Cell Anemia. In the United States, Sickle-Cell Anemia is found mostly in blacks. About 1 in 400 blacks in the United States have the disorder. In Africa, and parts of the Middle East, Sickle-Cell Anemia can be found, not just in the United States. In infants, it only takes about 6 months after birth for symptoms of Sickle-Cell Anemia to appear. These symptoms include the following: swelling of hands and feet; and enlargement of heart and abdomen. Sexual maturation may be delayed in the adolescence stage of life. Later in life, leg ulcers and infections can occur due to blood flow disturbance caused by the disease. Sickle-Cell Anemia gets its name from the sickle, a sharp, crescent- shaped tool. When a person has Sick-Cell Anemia, their red blood cells change in shape due to the altered hemoglobin in the blood. When the oxygen in the blood cells is reduced for any reason, the cells become oddly shaped. They are shaped like a sickle. This blood disease is inherited from the parents, much like other traits. The gene for Sickle-Cell Anemia is codominant with the gene for normal blood hemoglobin. When the heterozygous form occurs, that person is said to be a Sickle-Call Carrier. He or she has the gene for the Sickle-Cell Anemia, but does not show the symptoms of the disorder. Sickle-Cell carriers are partially resistant to Malaria. Science

The 7 UChicago Essay Prompts How to Write Stellar Responses

The 7 UChicago Essay Prompts How to Write Stellar Responses SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The University of Chicago is famous for its unique essay topics. They’re some of the most creative and off-the-wall essay prompts you’ll see when applying to colleges, and it can sometimes be confusing to know how to tackle them. What should you write about in your UChicago essays? How can you show that you’re intelligent, creative, and worthy of a place at their school?Read on to learn all about the UChicago essays, what the admissions team expects to see in your responses, what topics you should write about, and which topics you should avoid.In this guide we also suggest sample essay ideas for each of the 2018/2019 UChicago supplement essay prompts and analyze past University of Chicago essay samples so you can see what a great UChicago essay looks like. What Are the UChicago Essays? Before you can begin figuring out how you’ll write your UChicago essays, you should know which prompts you’ll be seeing and the rules for each one. You’ll need to write two essays, and the UChicago essay prompts you must answer are commonly referred to as Question 1 and Question 2. Question 1: Why UChicago? The Question 1 prompt is the only UChicago supplement essay that stays the same each year, and it’s also the only prompt that all applicants must answer (for Question 2 you’ll have multiple prompts to choose from). For this question, you’ll need to write an essay that explains why you want to attend the University of Chicago and why you think the school is a good fit for you and your goals.UChicago doesn’t have strict word limits for essays, but they suggest a response of around 250-500 words. The prompt: â€Å"How does the University of Chicago, as you know it now, satisfy your desire for a particular kind of learning, community, and future? Please address with some specificity your own wishes and how they relate to UChicago.† Want to get into UChicago or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Question 2: Extended Essay For Question 2, you have a choice of six essay prompts, and you’ll choose the one you want to respond to. The essay prompts for this question change every year, and while there are always around six prompts, some years there may be one more or one less to choose from. These are the more unique and offbeat essay prompts that UChicago is known for. Many of them were created by UChicago alumni and current students.UChicago recommends this essay be around 650 words. Below are the essay prompts for the 2018/2019 school year. Essay Option 1: In 2015, the city of Melbourne, Australia created a "tree-mail" service, in which all of the trees in the city received an email address so that residents could report any tree-related issues. As an unexpected result, people began to email their favorite trees sweet and occasionally humorous letters. Imagine this has been expanded to any object (tree or otherwise) in the world, and share with us the letter you’d send to your favorite. Essay Option 2: You’re on a voyage in the thirteenth century, sailing across the tempestuous seas. What if, suddenly, you fell off the edge of the Earth? Essay Option 3: The word floccinaucinihilipilification is the act or habit of describing or regarding something as unimportant or of having no value. It originated in the mid-18th century from the Latin words "floccus," "naucum," "nihilum," and "pilus"- all words meaning â€Å"of little use.† Coin your own word using parts from any language you choose, tell us its meaning, and describe the plausible (if only to you) scenarios in which it would be most appropriately used. Essay Option 4: Lost your keys? Alohomora. Noisy roommate? Quietus. Feel the need to shatter windows for some reason? Finestra. Create your own spell, charm, jinx, or other means for magical mayhem. How is it enacted? Is there an incantation? Does it involve a potion or other magical object? If so, what's in it or what is it? What does it do? Essay Option 5: Imagine you’ve struck a deal with the Dean of Admissions himself, Dean Nondorf. It goes as follows: you’re guaranteed admission to the University of Chicago regardless of any circumstances that arise. This bond is grounded on the condition that you’ll obtain a blank, 8.5 x 11 piece of paper, and draw, write, sketch, shade, stencil, paint etc., anything and everything you want on it; your only limitations will be the boundaries of both sides on the single page. Now the catch†¦ your submission, for the rest of your life, will always be the first thing anyone you meet for the first time will see. Whether it’s at a job interview, a blind date, arrival at your first Humanities class, before you even say, â€Å"hey,† they’ll already have seen your page, and formulated that first impression. Show us your page. What’s on it, and why? If your piece is largely or exclusively visual, please make sure to share a creator's acco mpanying statement of at least 300 words, which we will happily allow to be on its own, separate page. PS: This is a creative thought experiment, and selecting this essay prompt does not guarantee your admission to UChicago. Essay Option 6: In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose your own question or choose one of our past prompts. Be original, creative, thought provoking. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. The world is your oyster when it comes to answering UChicago essay prompts. How to Answer the University of Chicago Essay Prompts In this section, we explain what UChicago wants to see in your essays, give ideas for topics to write about for each of the essays, and discuss topics you are better off avoiding. Question 1: Why UChicago? For this University of Chicago supplement essay, UChicago wants to know why you want to attend their school, what you hope to get out of attending, and how University of Chicago will help you achieve their goals. Basically, they want to know why you think their school is a better fit for you than all the other schools out there. For more analysis of this essay, check out our in-depth guide to the Why UChicago essay. What Do They Want to See in Your Response? The â€Å"why our school?† is probably the most common essay prompt you’ll see on college applications. Why do schools, including UChicago, ask this question? UChicago wants to first see that you really want to go to their school. Students who love a school are more likely to accept an offer of admission and attend it, and they are more likely to be committed to their studies, participate in extracurriculars, and give back after they graduate. Your passion for UChicago should be shining through in this essay. Next, UChicago wants to see that you’ve done your research on their school and have an idea of what opportunities you want to take advantage of while there. You can do this by mentioning specific things you like about UChicago or that you plan to take advantage of as a student there. Potential things to discuss include professors you admire or are interested in working with, specific classes you want to take, and extracurriculars you want to participate in. Finally, UChicago wants to see that you are a good match for your school. Your essay should explain how you’ll take make the best use of what UChicago offers, how your strengths match the opportunities they provide, and how UChicago will help you reach your goals for the future. Potential Topics to Write About There are many ways you could approach this essay prompt; although since UChicago is best known for its academics (as opposed to killer sports teams, for example), most people will discuss the academic side for at least part of their response. Below is a list of possible topics; most people will discuss one to three topics in their essay. Majors or classes you’re especially interested in UChicago’s core curriculum Professors whose work you admire and whom you’d like to study with or conduct research with Unique events like Scav and Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko Research opportunities you’d like to have University of Chicago students you’ve met who you admire Volunteer opportunities Financial aid opportunities UChicago offers that make it possible for you to attend Topics to Avoid The key here is to avoid generic topics that could apply to practically any school or any student. You want it to be clear in your response what opportunities the University of Chicago offers you that no other school does and how you’re going to make use of them. Topics that won’t show this include discussing: How pretty the campus is Chicago weather The food on campus Where UChicago places on college ranking lists Discussing your future major and career path without connecting it back to what UChicago offers Bashing other schools Question 2: Extended Essay The extended essay is when you can get especially creative. This question requires you to move outside your comfort zone of typical essay topics and answer one of the prompts in a way that gives readers insight into who you are and what you care about. What Do They Want to See in Your Response? Your response Question 1 is meant to show what about UChicago you liked and how you were going to make the most of the opportunities it offered. Question 2 is less about UChicago and more about you. The admissions team wants to see who you are and what’s important to you. Three main things they’d like to see in your response to this essay are: Your story Your personality Your thirst for knowledge Who are you? What have been the important events in your life? What kind of person are you? What do you love learning about? These are the questions UChicago wants you to answer. They want to know what’s important to you, what events from your past helped shaped you, what kind of person you are now, and what you want to accomplish in the future. UChicago is particularly interested in students who love learning and have a lot of interests in different fields and topics. A mathematician who also does ballet? A creative writing major who started her own business? Bring it on! Make sure to show your love for learning in your essay. Your passions and goals don’t always need to be lofty though; in the second example essay below you can see how the writer took a quirky interest and managed to connect it to larger ideas. If you can connect one of your pet passions to an essay, do so! Potential Topics to Write About The great thing about these UChicago essay prompts is you can write about almost anything you want to since they’re so different from each other and give you lots of chances to be creative. Just remember, you want this essay to give UChicago a good idea of the type of person you are and what’s important to you. Topic 1 This is a pretty broad topic,and as long as you can connect an object to your interests and/or future goals, you can answer this prompt. You could write a letter thanking your business suit for getting you a dream job/internship, a letter to your favorite book and explain how it made you decide you wanted to become an author, or a letter to your piano, which you hated practicing on when you were a kid, but eventually helped you develop your passion for music. For this prompt, make sure to explain why the object is so important to you, and give details and specific instances of when you used it to make your response more unique. Topic 2 This is perhaps the most out there of the topics, and you could really go anywhere with it. Maybe you discover a new world that’s better or worse than ours in a certain way and you use that topic to discuss particular values of yours. Perhaps you have a fear of heights, and falling off the edge of the Earth causes you to remember another instance when you had to face and conquer a fear. Go anywhere this takes you, just remember to connect it back to you and what you find important. Topic 3 Another one of the creative UChicago prompts, a good way to brainstorm for this one is to think of a thing/feeling/situation that you wished a word existed for. The feeling when you’ve checked everything off your to-do list and can now relax? A new word to describe a dream you had that you can’t quite remember but made you feel a certain way when you woke up? Get as specific and creative as you can here. As to which language to use, any one that you have a connection to will work. It could be a language you’re studying, one that’s spoken in a place you want to travel to, the language your ancestors spoke, etc. Topic 4 A good way to tackle this one is to invent a spell to solve a problem you have. It could be a problem that affects primarily you (such as a spell to keep your little siblings from distracting you, or a spell that eliminates the need to sleep for a night so you have time for both your football practices and watercolor painting hobby) or a bigger problem (a spell to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to reduce the effects of climate change). Think of problems you want to fix, and use your essay to come up with a spell to solve one of them. Remember to explain why this problem affects you and how eliminating it would help you/others. Topic 5 This is a great option for more visual people who feel writing isn’t always the best way to get their personality across. For this prompt, you have the chance to explain an important aspect of your personality or history, something you care about, or a way you think you're misunderstood. For example, you’re religious but feel people often misunderstand your religion, your page could be an FAQ where you answer common misconceptions about your religion. If you’re an artist, you can use the paper to show your favorite piece of art you’ve created, then explain what the art means and why it’s important to you. If you’re a ballerina, on one side of your page could be a ballet award you won, and the other side could be a picture of your bruised and bandaged feet to show the hard work you went through to accomplish your goals. Topic 6 If none of the other prompts speak to you, you can always come up with your own and answer it. This is a good option if you have something specific in mind you want to write about but the topic doesn’t fit any of the prompts. When I applied to UChicago, I really wanted to write about a summer I spent on an archaeological team since it was important to me and I felt it showcased my strengths. None of the prompts that year fit, so I made up my own. Topics to Avoid UChicago wants you to be creative here, so there aren’t many topics that are off limits. However, you’re trying to convince them that you’d be a great an interesting student to add to their school, so make sure you use your essay to show who you are and why UChicago would want to admit you. This means you should avoid responses that don’t give readers a good idea of who you are. (For example, if you choose essay option 5, don’t just state that you’d create a spell that blocked out all nearby sound. You’d want to tie it back to yourself and your life by explaining the reasoning. For example, maybe you have a grandparent living with you, and you want them to be able to relax in peace.) Because these prompts are creative, it can be easy to run away with them, but always remember to answer the prompt completely and give UChicago better insight into who you are. Additionally, don’t feel that certain University of Chicago essay prompts are â€Å"better† or more impressive than others. UChicago wouldn’t have chosen these essay topics if they didn’t think applicants could write outstanding responses to them, so please choose the prompt that you can feel you can write the best essay for. University of Chicago Essay Examples In this section are two University of Chicago essay examples, each written by an accepted applicant. Below each UChicago supplement essay we discuss what makes the essay work so well. Question 1 Dear University of Chicago, It fills me up with that gooey sap you feel late at night when I think about things that are really special to me about you. Sometimes I just hunger for more, but I keep that a secret. The mail you send is such a tease; I like to imagine additional words on the page. Words like "you're accepted" or "you're awesome!" or "don't worry, she still loves you!" but I know they're all lies. You never called after that one time, I visited you thrice, but you never come around anymore. Tell me, was I just one in a line of many? Was I just another supple "applicant" to you, looking for a place to live, looking for someone to teach me the ways of the world? The closeness between us was beautiful, it couldn't have been just me that felt it, I know you felt it too. The intimacy was akin to that of scholar and original text, your depth as a person is astounding! To be honest, I must confess I had already dreamt of a rosy future together, one filled with late nights and long discussions over the Got hic era and the ethical stage of Kierkegaard, we would watch the sunset together and spend every Christmas snuggled in blankets. Eventually we would get older, I would become a well-educated corporate lawyer and you would enrich yourself within the domain of human knowledge. Your cup overfloweth with academic genius, pour a little on me. You're legendary for it, they all told me it would never work out between us, but I had hope. I had so much hope; I replied to your adorable letters and put up with your puns. I knew going into it that you would be an expensive one to keep around, I accounted for all that; I understand someone of your caliber and taste. And now you inquire as to my wishes? They're simple, accept me for who I am! Why can't you just love and not ask why? Not ask about my assets or my past? I'm living in the now, I'm waiting for you to catch up, but you're too caught up in my past, I offer us a future together, not a past to dwell upon. Whenever I'm around you, I just get that tingle deep inside me that tells me you're the one; you have that air of brilliance and ingenuity that I crave in a person, you're so mature and sophisticated, originality is really your strongest and most admirable trait. I wish we could be together, I still think in my heart of hearts we were meant to be, but you have to meet me halfway, dear. I'm on one knee here with tears welling up in my eyes, the fireworks are timed and ready to light up the night sky for you, just say 'I accept...you.' Always, Rohan Why Does This Essay Work? Creative take on a standard prompt: The writer chose a very unique angle for this essay: comparing the University of Chicago to a lover. He’s probably the first applicant to answer the essay prompt this way, which definitely makes this a memorable essay. In fact, UChicago loved this essay so much that they mailed it out to thousands of potential applicants (which actually got them a bit of backlash). You absolutely don’t have to take as unique an approach to this essay as the above writer did, but doing so can definitely help your essay stand out. It answers the entire prompt: Even though this is an unusual essay, the writer still manages to answer everything the prompts asks for. He mentions his goal for the future (to become a lawyer), mentions varied interests he has (the Gothic era, the philosopher Kierkegaard), and explains what he likes about UChicago (the brilliance, ingenuity, and originality the school offers). He even manages to mention that he visited campus three times, which shows a serious interest in the school. If you choose to write an especially offbeat essay, it’s key to do what this essay did and still answer the prompt while being creative. Question 2 This essay is from several years ago, so it doesn't use a current prompt, but it's still helpful to read and analyze. Here 's the prompt:Share with us a few of your favorite books, poems, authors, films, plays, pieces of music, musicians, performers, paintings, artists, blogs, magazines, or newspapers. Feel free to touch on one, some, or all of the categories listed, or add a category of your own. The Illuminati changed my life. Three years ago, I found my first ambigram in one of my favorite novels, Angels and Demons by Dan Brown. I turned the page, and there it was: the word â€Å"Illuminati† printed into the exact center of the book. It was styled like a newspaper masthead, exquisite and complex, yet oddly symmetric. Curious, I rotated the book upside-down. Impossibly, the inverted word was still â€Å"Illuminati.† Gazing closer, I realized that the letters, I-L-L-U-M, actually shaped into a flipped I-N-A-T-I. Suddenly, I was reading it in both directions. My eyes waltzed along the broad curves and sharp twists of the calligraphy, striking poses in a glamorous font against a sheet of creamy whiteness, sliding between the dense vertical strokes, peering at the edge of the defined serif as it angled away, then bent boldly toward me. Every line was deliberate, every flourish smiling with purpose, and the whole word balanced on the delicate cord that joined two letters into one. It was unforgettable. Ambigrams are words that can be read from different directions. Actually, â€Å"ambigram† is an umbrella term that encompasses dozens of distinct types of visual wordplay. The most popular ones are rotational, mirror image, and-my personal favorites-symbiotic ambigrams, which can spell two different things when viewed normally and upside-down. Compelled by the striking art, I could not help but try my own hand at designing ambigrams, and slowly I felt the pitiful stick-figure artist inside me shrink away as my inner energetic graphic designer sprang up. Before early volleyball tournaments, I work myself up by filling up pages and pages of experimental letter combinations, gleefully satisfied at the way that a rounded lowercase â€Å"a† was a perfect upside-down lowercase â€Å"e.† In my AP Literature class, I drew â€Å"She’s a witch!† which revealed, when flipped, â€Å"Communist† to reflect Arthur Miller’s contemporary motives for writing The Crucible. On a challenge from a friend, I even drew an ambigram of â€Å"Jay-Z† and â€Å"Beyonce† on a bumpy bus ride back from a leadership retreat. In the last few months, I have also practiced drawing ambigrams as fast as I can. I dream about the day when I can effortlessly write out a message saying â€Å"Hi, how are you today?† normally and â€Å"The password is cherry268† upside-down, without pausing or rotating the paper. I imagine a world in which everyone had this ability, and could literally write two things at once. How would that change communication? Encryption? Trust? My legs swing comfortably from this innovative edge, excited to take a stab at the answers. The best part about the ambigram is that it refuses to define itself as just one thing. It is a linguistic passion, a cryptographic endeavor, an artistic design, and an ironic illusion. I relish the fact that ambigrams force both the artist and the audience to reject first glances and embrace secret identities. This may just be a nerdy obsession, but ambigrams have taught me far more than how to sketch fancy words. Their multidimensional truth implies that my hobbies of both writing Italian sonnets and solving logical riddles are not opposing functions of my left and right brains, but rather, a perfect conglomeration of my passion for creating and solving puzzles. The beauty of the most surprising combinations reminds me to take bold risks in both my life and my designs. Above all else, ambigrams have taught me that I can create the impossible. I can make true and false the same word depending on something as simple as a 180-degree head turn. Victory can be defeat. Open can be closed. Am amateur piano player with an obsession for cryptology can learn how to program iPhone apps and get the game-winning kill at the varsity volleyball championship. A girl with divorced parents can make time for both families, and an inspired teenager from California can write her name into world historyboth normally and upside-down. -Samantha M. Why This Essay Works Shows passion: This essay focuses a pretty unusual and specific topic: ambigrams. While many people may not even know what an ambigram is, the writer is clearly passionate about them. She discusses how much time she spends trying to create different ambigrams, what her goals for ambigram creating are, and some of her favorite ambigrams she’s created. UChicago loves people who are passionate about something, even it’s an unusual or offbeat interest. It makes UChicago believe those students will bring that passion with them onto campus. Gives insight into the writer’s personality: The majority of this essay is about the author’s interest in ambigrams, but she also manages to cleverly slip in multiple other references to her personality and interests. From her essay, we learn that she’s a volleyball player, writes Italian sonnets, and loves solving puzzles. Adding these details gives UChicago a fuller look at what makes her tick. Connects it to a bigger picture: The writer chose to write about a very specific topic: ambigrams, but was still able to connect that to bigger concepts, such communication, truth, and how she’s able to balance her different interests. She’s able to take a quirky topic and show how it influences her worldview. Final Advice: UChicago Essays When answering the University of Chicago essay prompts, keep in mind that the main reason UChicago is reading these essays is to find out who you are as a person and if you’d be a good fit at their school. The University of Chicago wants students who are passionate about learning, creative, are excited to make the most of their time on campus, and have big dreams for themselves, and the UChicago supplement questions are designed to help you show these sides of yourself to the school. For the â€Å"Why UChicago?† prompt, you’ll want to show the school why you want to go there, why you think you’re a good fit for the school, and how UChicago will help you achieve your goals during college and beyond. For the Extended Essay, you can (and should) be more creative. These UChicago essays are more â€Å"out there,† and in your response, you should show your personality and passion for learning. For both University of Chicago essays , remember to show who you are and what you’re passionate about, include details about yourself and the school to help you stand out from other essays, and mention your plans and goals for the future. What's Next? If you want a more in-depth look how to write about Question 1, check out our guide to the Why UChicago Essay, which includes an additional sample essay along with analysis of how to answer this prompt. Are youworking on the Common App essay? Read our breakdown of the Common App prompts and our guide to picking the best prompt for you. If you're planning to take the SAT or ACT one last time, try out some of our famous test prep guides, like "How to Get a Perfect Score on the SAT" and "15 Key ACT Test Day Tips." Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Lydia Pinkham Was an Inventor and Marketer

Lydia Pinkham Was an Inventor and Marketer Only a woman can understand a womans ills.- Lydia Pinkham Lydia Pinkham was an inventor and marketer of famous patent medicine Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable Compound, one of the most successful products ever marketed specifically for women. Because her name and picture were on the label of the product, she became one of the best-known women in America. Occupation: inventor, marketer, entrepreneur, business managerDates: February 9, 1819 - May 17, 1883Also known as: Lydia Estes, Lydia Estes Pinkham Lydia Pinkham Early Life Lydia Pinkham was born Lydia Estes. Her father was William Estes, a wealthy farmer, and shoemaker in Lynn, Massachusetts, who managed to become wealthy from real estate investments. Her mother was Williams second wife, Rebecca Chase. Educated at home and later at Lynn Academy, Lydia worked as a teacher from 1835 to 1843. The Estes family opposed slavery, and Lydia knew many of the early abolitionist activists, including Lydia Maria Child, Frederick Douglass, Sarah Grimkà ©, Angelina Grimkà ©, and William Lloyd Garrison. Douglass was a lifelong friend of Lydia. Lydia herself became involved, joining, with her friend Abby Kelley Foster the Lynn Female Anti-Slavery Society, and she was secretary of the Freemans Society. She also became involved in womens rights. Religiously, the Estes family members were Quakers but left the local meeting over a conflict around slavery. Rebecca Estes and then the rest of the family became Universalists, also influenced by the Swedenborgians and spiritualists. Marriage Lydia married widower Isaac Pinkham in 1843. He brought a five-year-old daughter into the marriage. Together they had five more children; the second son died in infancy. Isaac Pinkham was involved in real estate but never did very well. The family struggled financially. Lydias role was primarily as the typical wife and mother of Victorian middle-class ideals. Then, in the Panic of 1873, Isaac lost his money, was sued for nonpayment of debts, and generally fell apart and was unable to work. A son, Daniel, lost his grocery store to the collapse. By 1875, the family was nearly destitute. Lydia E. Pinkham Vegetable Compound Lydia Pinkham had become a follower of nutrition reformers like Sylvester Graham (of the graham cracker) and Samuel Thomson. She brewed a home remedy made of roots and herbs, and including 18% to 19% alcohol as solvent and preservative. She had shared this freely with family members and neighbors for about ten years. According to one legend, the original formula came to the family through a man for whom Isaac Pinkham had paid a debt of $25. In desperation over their financial circumstances, Lydia Pinkham decided to market the compound. They registered a trademark for Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable Compound and copyrighted a label which after 1879 included Lydias grandmotherly picture at the suggestion of the Pinkham son, Daniel. She patented the formula in 1876. Son William, who had no outstanding debts, was named the legal owner of the company. Lydia brewed the compound in their kitchen until 1878 when it was moved into a new building next door. She personally wrote many of the advertisements for it, focusing on female complaints which included a variety of ailments including menstrual cramps, vaginal discharge, and other menstrual irregularities. The label originally and assertively claimed A Sure Cure for PROLAPSIS UTERI or Falling of the Womb, and all FEMALE WEAKNESSES, including Leucorrhea, Painful Menstruation, Inflammation, and Ulceration of the Womb, Irregularities, Floodings, etc. Many women were unwilling to consult physicians for their female difficulties. Physicians of the time often prescribed surgery and other unsafe procedures for such problems. This might include applying leeches to the cervix or vagina. Those supporting that eras alternative medicine often turned to home or commercial remedies such as Lydia Pinkhams. The competition included Dr. Pierces Favorite Prescription and Wine of Cardui. Growing Business Selling the compound was at core a family enterprise, even as it grew. The Pinkham sons distributed ads and even sold the medicine door to door around New England and New York. Isaac folded pamphlets. They used handbills, postcards, pamphlets, and advertisements, beginning with the Boston newspapers. The Boston advertisement brought in orders from wholesalers. A major patent medicine broker, Charles N. Crittenden, began to distribute the product, increasing its distribution to nationwide. Advertising was aggressive. The ads targeted women directly, on the assumption that women understood their own problems best. An advantage that the Pinkhams emphasized was that Lydias medicine was created by a woman, and the advertisements stressed endorsements by women as well as by druggists. The label gave the impression of the medicine being homemade even though it was commercially produced. Ads often were designed to look like news stories, usually with some painful situation that could have been alleviated by the use of the compound. By 1881, the company began marketing the compound not only as a tonic  but also as pills and lozenges. Pinkhams goals went beyond commercial; her correspondence including advice on health and physical exercise. She believed in her compound as an alternative to standard medical treatment, and she wanted to counter the idea that women were weak. Advertising to Women One feature of the advertisements of Pinkhams remedy was an open and frank discussion of womens health issues. For a time, Pinkham added a douche to the offerings of the company; women often used it as contraception, but because it was marketed for hygienic purposes, it was not targeted for prosecution under the Comstock Law. The advertising prominently featured Lydia Pinkhams image and promoted her as a brand. Ads called Lydia Pinkham the Saviour of her Sex. The ads also urged women to let doctors alone and called the compound A medicine for women. Invented by a woman. Prepared by a woman. The advertisements offered a way to write to Mrs. Pinkham and many did. Lydia Pinkhams responsibility in the business also included answering the many letters received. Temperance and the Vegetable Compound Lydia Pinkham was an active supporter of temperance. Despite that, her compound included 19% alcohol. How did she justify that? She claimed that the alcohol was necessary to suspend and preserve the herbal ingredients, and so she did not find its use incompatible with her temperance views. Using alcohol for medicinal purposes was often accepted by those who supported temperance. While there were many stories of women being affected by the alcohol in the compound, it was relatively safe. Other patent medicines of the time included morphine, arsenic, opium or mercury. Death and Continuing Business Daniel, at 32, and William, at 38, the two youngest Pinkham sons, both died in 1881 of tuberculosis (consumption). Lydia Pinkham turned to her spiritualism and held seances to try to contact her sons. At that point, the business was formally incorporated. Lydia had a stroke in 1882 and died the next year. Although Lydia Pinkham died in Lynn in 1883 at age 64, her son Charles continued the business. At the time of her death, sales were $300,000 per year; sales continued to grow. There were some conflicts with the companys advertising agent, and then a new agent updated the advertising campaigns. By the 1890s, the compound was the most advertised patent medicine in America. More images showing womens independence began to be used. Ads still used Lydia Pinkhams picture and continued to include invitations to write to Mrs. Pinkham. A daughter-in-law and later staff members at the company answered the correspondence. In 1905, the Ladies Home Journal, which was also campaigning for food and drug safety regulations, accused the company of misrepresenting this correspondence, publishing a photograph of the tombstone of Lydia Pinkham. The company responded that Mrs. Pinkham referred to Jennie Pinkham, the daughter-in-law. In 1922, Lydias daughter, Aroline Pinkham Gove, founded a clinic in Salem, Massachusetts, to serve mothers and children. Sales of the Vegetable Compound peaked in 1925 at $3 million. The business decreased after that point, because of family conflict after Charles death over how to run the business, the effects of the Great Depression and also changing federal regulations, especially the Food and Drug Act, that affected what could be claimed in the advertisements. In 1968, the Pinkham family sold the company, ending their relationship with it, and manufacturing was moved to Puerto Rico. In 1987, Numark Laboratories acquired a  license to the medicine, calling it Lydia Pinkhams Vegetable Compound. It can still be found, for instance as Lydia Pinkham Herbal Tablet Supplement and Lydia Pinkham Herbal Liquid Supplement. Ingredients Ingredients in the original compound: False unicorn root, true unicorn rootBlack cohosh rootLife rootPleurisy rootFenugreek seedAlcohol Newer additions in later versions include: Dandelion rootBlack cohosh root (as in the original)Jamaican dogwoodMotherwortPleurisy root (as in the original)Licorice rootGentian root The Lydia Pinkham Song Responding to the medication and its widespread advertising, a ditty about it became famous  and remained popular well into the 20th century. In 1969, the Irish Rovers included this on an album, and the single made the Top 40 in the United States. The words (like many folk songs) vary; this is a common version: We sing of Lydia PinkhamAnd her love of the human raceHow she sells her Vegetable CompoundAnd the newspapers publish her Face. Papers The Lydia Pinkham papers can be found at Radcliffe College (Cambridge, Massachusetts) at the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library. Books About Lydia Pinkham Elbert Hubbard. Lydia E. Pinkham. 1915.Robert Collyer Washburn. The Life and Times of Lydia E. Pinkham. 1931.Sarah Stage. Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Womens Medicine. 1979.R. Sobel and D. B. Sicilia. The Entrepreneurs: An American Adventure. 1986. Background, Family Mother: Rebecca ChaseFather: William EstesSiblings: nine older and two younger Marriage, Children Husband: Isaac Pinkham (married September 8, 1843; shoe manufacturer and real estate speculator)Children:Charles Hacker Pinkham (1844)Daniel (died in infancy)Daniel Rogers Pinkham (1848)William Pinkham (1852)Aroline Chase Pinkham ( 1857)

Air Traffic Monitoring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Air Traffic Monitoring - Assignment Example This is in contrast to the seven-day average for this flight of departure time at 13:34 EST and arrival time at 14:32 EST. Similar delays in departure time from point of origin and arrival time were experienced by the other incoming flights. At the time of this monitoring, KLGA was performing approximately twenty-eight arrivals per hour. Departures from LaGuadia were also experiencing significant delays due to weather and delayed incoming planes. For example, a flight from KLGA to Port Columbus International scheduled to depart at 15:35 EST did not leave the airport until 17:10 EST. At the time of this monitoring, KLGA was performing approximately thirty-one departures per hour. Flights leaving KLGA were subject to low instrument flight rules, due to visibility under one mile and/or a cloud ceiling under 500 feet. Wind direction was 40 degrees and was measured between 17 and 21 knots on the day of monitoring. Flights had been under low instrument flight rules since 6:49 EST, prior to which they were under instrument flight rules, with visibility of 1-3 miles and/or a cloud ceiling between 500 and 1000 feet.